{"id":586,"date":"2017-07-10T12:00:04","date_gmt":"2017-07-10T10:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/?p=586"},"modified":"2017-09-13T11:26:47","modified_gmt":"2017-09-13T09:26:47","slug":"gemicilik-tarihcesini-kurtaran-gemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/2017\/07\/10\/gemicilik-tarihcesini-kurtaran-gemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Gemicilik Tarih\u00e7esini Kurtaran Gemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ebrahim Al-khaffaf taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cGemi, insano\u011flunun in\u015fa etti\u011fi, en onur duyulas\u0131 yap\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Alman Deniz M\u00fczesi\u2019nin ortas\u0131nda mumyalanm\u0131\u015f olarak duran, bana nedense, do\u011fal bir yap\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l Kogge\u2019nin (ticari gemisi) iskeletini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde, akl\u0131ma gelen ilk \u015fey, John Ruskin\u2019in bu deyimi oldu.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Alman Deniz M\u00fczesi „Kog-Salonunun“ a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 (15.03.2017); foto\u011fraf Wolfhard Scheer taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dahas\u0131, bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc zihnimde, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumda duydu\u011fum masallardan kalan bir\u00e7ok an\u0131y\u0131 uyand\u0131rd\u0131. Kogge tarihi her ne kadar benim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcme uzak olsa da, tam a\u00e7\u0131klayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir sebepten dolay\u0131 bana Mezopotamya ile ilgili \u00e7ok eski bir hikayeyi an\u0131msatt\u0131; G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f Efsanesi\u2019ni. Utnapi\u015ftim\u2019in in\u015fa etti\u011fi, t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011fini kurtaran, muhte\u015fem geminin eski efsanelerinden birini. Bu efsanede, insan neslini kurtarman\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olarak kendisine \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck ve cennet tanr\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00fczel bir yer bah\u015fedilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Sonras\u0131nda bu an\u0131 beni ba\u015fka bir an\u0131ya s\u00fcr\u00fckledi; hayat\u0131mda duydu\u011fum ilk masal olan, herkesi felaketten kurtarmak i\u00e7in in\u015fa etti\u011fi, muhte\u015fem gemi ile y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 harcayan, Nuh\u2019un hikayesine.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Hamburg Harbor Kutlamas\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt „kog“-reorod\u00fcksiyonu; foto\u011fraf Dr. Karl-Heinz Hochhaus taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kogge\u2019ye bakmaya devam ettik\u00e7e ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadan iyice uzakla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m. \u015eimdi, Sinbad\u2019\u0131n seferlerini hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Sinbad\u2019\u0131n gemisinin -hayali bile olsa- Hint Okyanusu civarlar\u0131nda batt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin, Kogge\u2019nin Bremen\u2019de bulunan Weser Nehri\u2019nin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzakta olmas\u0131 dikkatimi \u00e7ekiyor. Ve bu fark\u0131ndal\u0131k beni ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Daha sonra arkada\u015f\u0131ma bu bilin\u00e7 karma\u015fas\u0131ndan bahsetti\u011fimde, bana, hayallerimdeki karakterler ve Kogge\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu yer aras\u0131ndaki uzak mesafeye ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 akademisyenlerin hala Kogge\u2019nin, bilinmeyen bir \u015fekilde eski Mezopotamya gemilerinden t\u00fcretilen, \u00fcnl\u00fc Arap Yelkenlisi i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s\u00f6yledi. Sonra kendi kendime, \u201cE\u011fer bu konuyu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsam ve e\u011fer bunu kan\u0131tlayabilirsem, hayallerimi ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilirim.\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. E\u011fer t\u00fcm bunlar do\u011fruysa, Kogge hakk\u0131ndaki ilk izlenimim tesad\u00fcfi de\u011fil demektir. Ve bu sayede Kogge\u2019nin Arap Yelkenlisi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya karar verdim. Ancak bunu \u015fimdilik bir ba\u015fka akademik makale i\u00e7in saklay\u0131p, Kogge\u2019nin ke\u015ffinin g\u00fczel hikayesi hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmaya devam edelim.<\/p>\n

1962\u2019de Kogge\u2019nin enkaz\u0131, Weser Nehri\u2019nde yap\u0131lan zemin tarama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. Gemiyi nehirden tek par\u00e7a halinde \u00e7\u0131karmak imkans\u0131zd\u0131r, bu nedenle par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve bu par\u00e7alar, kurumak ve b\u00fcz\u00fclmekten korunmak ad\u0131na, \u00f6ncelikle su havzalar\u0131nda tutuldular ve daha sonra sa\u011flam \u015fekilde kalabilmeleri i\u00e7in bir t\u00fcr s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7erisine<\/p>\n

\"\"
Bremen „Kog“un 1962′ deki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

konuldular. Ve uzun s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda yapbozun par\u00e7alar\u0131, foto\u011fraflar ve kerestelerin numaralar\u0131 temel al\u0131narak birle\u015ftirildi ve Kogge\u2019nin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 tamamland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kogge kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n profesyonel bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan nehir yata\u011f\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131, korunmas\u0131 ve yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 otuz y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Geminin eksik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, geminin 1380 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki sel ile s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi varsay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu Kogge, halk ile 2000\u2019de, Bremerhaven\u2019da 1975\u2019te g\u00f6rkemli bir t\u00f6renle a\u00e7\u0131lan Alman Deniz M\u00fczesi\u2019nde bulu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"\"
„Kog“ ikonlu m\u00fch\u00fcr<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u00fch\u00fcrler ve di\u011fer tarihi belgeler Kogge\u2019nin varolu\u015funun onuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l civar\u0131na uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ancak on ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kogge\u2019nin kullan\u0131m\u0131 daha fark edilebilir olmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu teoriler Kogge\u2019nin bulunmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve Kogge\u2019nin ke\u015ffi sorular\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir, Kogge hem halk\u0131 hem de akademik bireyleri soru i\u015fareti ile dolu bir f\u0131rt\u0131naya s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. \u201cKogge\u201d teriminin \u00f6zel bir gemi t\u00fcr\u00fcne mi yoksa ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 gemilere mi ithafen verilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu kesinle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle Kogge\u2019nin ke\u015ffi, \u201cKogge (= \u00e7ark)\u201d teriminin kendisini daha da bilinmez k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gemi kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, bir yan\u0131nda nehir suyunun g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Deniz M\u00fczesi\u2019nin ortas\u0131nda dikildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmek, hayalden de \u00f6te. Geminin eski tayfas\u0131n\u0131n, Bremen Nehri\u2019nden kim bilir nereye, belki Mezopotamya\u2019ya gitmek i\u00e7in Koggele\u2019rini tamamlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hayal etmeden durmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Tayfa, paha bi\u00e7ilemez bir de\u011ferin, daha sonra ke\u015ffedilmek \u00fczere Bremen k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda uykuya dald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeden, Kogge\u2019lerinin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan batmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ok mutsuz olmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yani gemilerin insanlar\u0131 kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer hikayelerin aksine, durumun tam tersinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir durum ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bremen Koggesi\u2019nin benzersizli\u011fi, sadece \u015fiirsel duygular\u0131 canland\u0131rmas\u0131 ya da orta\u00e7a\u011flardan gelen nostaljik hisleri uyand\u0131rmas\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu Kogge -ki bilinen en eski orta\u00e7a\u011f gemilerinden biri oldu\u011fu iddia edilmektedir- bu tarz gemiler hakk\u0131ndaki iddialara \u015f\u00fcphe ile bakanlar i\u00e7in bilimsel bir kan\u0131t olma niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Kampen „Kog“u<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fim gibi bu Kogge Deniz M\u00fczesi\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f nedeni ve m\u00fczenin di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda, \u00e7o\u011fu Kogge ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak bulunan di\u011fer par\u00e7alar hakk\u0131nda da s\u00f6ylenecek \u00e7ok \u015fey var. M\u00fczenin uzman ekibi Kogge\u2019nin t\u00fcm k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck detaylar\u0131n\u0131n ziyaret\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131na \u00e7abalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bremen halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda dolanan, 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kogge\u2019nin sudan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, deniz alt\u0131nda bulunan efsane hakk\u0131ndaki konu\u015fmalar ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M\u00fczenin di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine Kogge ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ve o g\u00fcn\u00fcn Bremen\u2019ini a\u00e7\u0131klayan, zamanda yolculuk yapt\u0131r\u0131p bizi o g\u00fcnlerin hisleri ile ku\u015fatan, 1380\u2019de Kogge\u2019nin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerdeki durumu bize a\u00e7\u0131klayan, bir\u00e7ok obje, resim, film, ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131, dokunulabilir materyaller, okyanustan gelen kokulu par\u00e7alar, haritalar, ekipmanlar vb. yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu atmosferi ya\u015famak \u00e7ok kolay ve e\u011fer siz de benim gibi hayalperest biri iseniz, bu atmosfer sizi sadece 1380 Bremen\u2019ine g\u00f6t\u00fcrmekle kalmay\u0131p, M.\u00d6 3000 Mezopotamya\u2019s\u0131na yollayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ebrahim Al-Khaffaf,<\/em>
\nFatih Sultan Mehmet Vak\u0131f \u00dcniversitesi<\/em>
\nBilim Tarihi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki<\/em>
\nlisans\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6\u011freniminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak,<\/em>
\n2 ay s\u00fcresince Alman Maritime M\u00fczesi’ne ziyaretlerde bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/em>
\nKendisine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki adresten ula\u015fabilirsiniz:<\/em>
\nabraham_salim84@yahoo.com<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ebrahim Al-khaffaf taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201cGemi, insano\u011flunun in\u015fa etti\u011fi, en onur duyulas\u0131 yap\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Alman Deniz M\u00fczesi\u2019nin ortas\u0131nda mumyalanm\u0131\u015f olarak duran, bana nedense, do\u011fal bir yap\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l Kogge\u2019nin (ticari gemisi) iskeletini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde, akl\u0131ma gelen ilk \u015fey, John Ruskin\u2019in bu deyimi oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ausstellung"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=586"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":639,"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586\/revisions\/639"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kogge.dsm.museum\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}